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This Wetland grass seed mix was developed for use in the Northeast. The species composition allows for variations in moisture and light conditions and the addition of Annual Ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum, provides erosion control and early organic input. We recommend a seeding rate of 15 pounds per acre.

Percent by No. of seeds (not weight)		Scientific Name	Common Name
63.0%		Agrostis stolonifera	Creeping Bentgrass
17.0%		Poa trivialis	Rough Bluegrass
11.0%		Alopecurus arundinaceus	Meadow Foxtail
4.5%		Lolium multiflorum	Annual Ryegrass
4.5%	N	Panicum clandestinum	Deertongue

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This mix is to seed drawdown areas, the edges of wetlands, and adjacent uplands in constructed and restored wetlands. The mix is produced from hand collected seed and only limited quantities are available. The seeds in this mix will not generally germinate under water. We recommend a seeding rate of 3.25 pounds per acre and interplanting with bare root transplants on a three or four foot interval.

Percent by No. of seeds (not weight)		Scientific Name	Common Name
43.6%	N	Scirpus atrovirens	Green Bulrush
19.0%	N	Juncus effusus	Soft Rush
33.5%	N	Carex vulpinoidea	Fox Sedge
1.3%	N	Leersia oryzoides	Rice Cut Grass
1.3%	N	Carex comosa	Bearded Sedge
0.9%	N	Carex crinita	Fringed Sedge
0.2%	N	Carex lurida	Shallow Sedge
0.2%	N	Carex lupulina	Hop Sedge

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This mix is intended to enhance diversity of wetland plantings. There are seeds of 40 species included, over one third of which are not ordinarily available as either plants or seeds for wetland restoration in the northeast. The mix is produced using hand collected seed from western New York and northwestern Pennsylvania; only a limited amount is available. We intend that this mix will be most valuable when used as a supplement to planting of whole plants. We recommend a seeding rate of 2 pounds per acre intermixed with plantings of bare root transplants on a three to four foot interval. The seed will not germinate under water and is best sown in drawdown areas.

Percent by No. of seeds (not weight)		Scientific Name	Common Name
28.82%	N	Scirpus atrovirens	Green Bulrush
13.05%	N	Juncus effusus	Soft Rush
12.01%	N	Mimulus ringens	Monkey Flower
8.35%	N	Carex vulpinoidea	Fox Sedge
7.83%	N	Penthorum sedoides	Ditch Stone Crop
6.68%	N	Glyceria grandis	Reed Meadowgrass
5.22%	N	Scirpus cyperinus	Wool Grass
4.18%	N	Verbena hastata	Blue Vervain
2.09%	N	Eupatorium perfoliatum	Boneset
1.57%	N	Leersia oryzoides	Rice Cut Grass
1.48%	N	Helenium autumnale	Common Sneezeweed
1.36%	N	Glyceria canadensis	Canada Mannagrass
0.89%	N	Eupatorium maculatum	Joe Pye Weed
0.73%	N	Aster novae-angliae	New England Aster
0.52%	N	Alisma plantago-aquatica	Water Plantain
0.47%	N	Euthamia graminifolia	Grassleaf Goldenrod
0.47%	N	Solidago rugosa	Wrinkled Goldenrod
0.47%	N	Cyperus strigosus	Straw Colored Flatsedge
0.42%	N	Aster puniceus	Purple Stemmed Aster
0.38%	N	Cephalanthus occidentalis	Buttonbush
0.36%	N	Scirpus tabernaemontanii	Soft Stem Bulrush
0.35%	N	Aster umbellatus	Flat-Top White Aster
0.31%	N	Carex comosa	Bearded Sedge
0.26%	N	Carex crinita	Fringed Sedge
0.24%	N	Solidago gigantea	Giant Goldenrod
0.24%	N	Panicum clandestinum	Deertongue
0.22%	N	Bidens cernua	Nodding Beggar-Ticks
0.21%	N	Sium suave	Water Parsnip
0.18%	N	Scirpus microcarpus	Small Fruited Bulrush
0.16%	N	Cicuta maculata	Water Hemlock
0.10%	N	Elymus canadensis	Wild Rye
0.08%	N	Bidens frondosa	Devil's Beggar-Ticks
0.06%	N	Angelica atropurpurea	Purple-Stem Angelica
0.05%	N	Rumex verticillatus	Water Dock
0.05%	N	Carex lurida	Shallow Sedge
0.04%	N	Polygonum pensylvanicum	Pennsylvania Smartweed
0.04%	N	Asclepias incarnata	Swamp Milkweed
0.03%	N	Elymus riparius	Riverbank Wild Rye
0.02%	N	Carex lupulina	Hop Sedge
0.01%	N	Iris versicolor	Blue Flag

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This mix is intended to add diversity to the herbaceous layer of forested wetland plantings. Twenty nine species commonly found in various wetland forest habitats are included; shade tolerant forest floor species typical of floodplains are well represented. Species have been selected that do not form a turf thus minimizing competition with planted trees and shrubs. The grasses and forbs in this mix will shade the soil surface, provide enhanced diversity, and yield important wildlife habitat early in the development of the forest system. The mix is produced using hand collected seed from western New York and northwestern Pennsylvania; only a limited amount is available. We recommend a seeding rate of 3 pounds per acre and that no additional grasses be planted with it.

Percent by No. of seeds (not weight)		Scientific Name	Common Name
25.96%	N	Scirpus atrovirens	Green Bulrush
25.41%	N	Scirpus cyperinus	Wool Grass
8.33%	N	Carex vulpinoidea	Fox Sedge
7.68%	N	Glyceria canadensis	Canada Mannagrass
7.63%	N	Verbena hastata	Blue Vervain
6.02%	N	Glyceria grandis	Reed Meadowgrass
5.70%	N	Glyceria striata	Fowl Mannagrass
2.12%	N	Panicum clandestinum	Deertongue
1.53%	N	Verbena urticifolia	White Vervain
1.51%	N	Glyceria melicaria	Melic Mannagrass
0.94%	N	Boehmeria cylindrica	False Nettle
0.94%	N	Urtica dioica	Stinging Nettle
0.85%	N	Solidago gigantea	Giant Goldenrod
0.85%	N	Solidago rugosa	Wrinkled Goldenrod
0.75%	N	Cinna arundinacea	Wood Reed
0.62%	N	Leersia virginica	Whitegrass
0.57%	N	Cephalanthus occidentalis	Buttonbush
0.45%	N	Elymus canadensis	Wild Rye
0.38%	N	Sium suave	Water Parsnip
0.32%	N	Elymus virginicus	Virginia Wild Rye
0.29%	N	Polygonum pensylvanicum	Pennsylvania Smartweed
0.24%	N	Geum macrophyllum	Large-Leaf Avens
0.22%	N	Elymus riparius	Riverbank Wild Rye
0.19%	N	Rumex verticillatus	Water Dock
0.16%	N	Asclepias incarnata	Swamp Milkweed
0.09%	N	Carex lurida	Shallow Sedge
0.09%	N	Lilium superbum	Turk's Cap Lily
0.09%	N	Rubus allegheniensis	Blackberry
0.07%	N	Carex lupulina	Hop Sedge

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This mix is intended to add to the diversity of grasses and forbs in wetland plantings. The grass component will provide good wildlife cover as well as some erosion control. This mix has the capability to provide high cover and biomass values in a short time after planting. The mix is produced using hand collected seed from western New York and northwestern Pennsylvania; only a limited amount is available. We intend that this mix will be most valuable when used as a supplement to planting of whole plants. We recommend a seeding rate of 6 pounds per acre intermixed with plantings of bare root transplants on a three to four foot interval. The seed will not germinate under water and is best sown in drawdown areas.

Percent by No. of seeds (not weight)		Scientific Name	Common Name
37.3%	N	Glyceria canadensis	Canada Mannagrass
29.3%	N	Glyceria grandis	Reed Meadowgrass
7.5%	N	Calamagrostis canadensis	Blue Joint
7.3%	N	Panicum dichotomiflorum	Smooth Panic-Grass
4.9%	N	Leersia oryzoides	Rice Cut Grass
3.9%	N	Echinochloa crusgalli	Japanese Millet
3.0%	N	Verbena hastata	Blue Vervain
1.7%	N	Elymus canadensis	Canada Wild Rye
1.5%	N	Alisma plantago-aquatica	Water Plantain
0.9%	N	Polygonum pensylvanicum	Pennsylvania Smartweed
0.8%	N	Bidens cernua	Nodding Bur-Marigold
0.7%	N	Cicuta maculata	Spotted Water Hemlock
0.7%	N	Cinna arundinacea	Stout Wood-Reedgrass
0.3%	N	Bidens frondosa	Beggar-Ticks
0.2%	N	Rumex verticillatus	Swamp Dock

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This mix is to seed the early growing season draw down and saturated soil zones. The species have been chosen to provide colorful flowers at various times of the growing season especially in late summer. The mix is produced using hand collected seed from western New York and northwestern Pennsylvania; only a limited amount is available. We recommend a seeding rate of 4 pounds per acre as a supplement to plantings of bare root herbaceous and woody species plantings.

Percent by No. of seeds (not weight)		Scientific Name	Common Name
26.66%	N	Eupatorium perfoliatum	Boneset
20.80%	N	Verbena hastata	Blue Vervain
19.75%	N	Panicum dichotomiflorum	Smooth Panic-Grass
8.89%	N	Solidago rugosa	Wrinkled Goldenrod
8.74%	N	Eupatorium maculatum	Joe Pye Weed
6.65%	N	Euthamia graminifolia	Grass Leaf Goldenrod
4.59%	N	Polygonum pensylvanicum	Pennsylvania Smartweed
2.80%	N	Aster novae-angliae	New England Aster
0.79%	N	Bidens cernua	Nodding Beggar's Tick
0.21%	N	Asclepias incarnata	Swamp Milkweed
0.12%	N	Iris versicolor	Blue Flag

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This mix is intended to aid in the development of a community at the upper edge of the littoral zone in ponded systems and to develop vegetation in draw down zones of wetlands. Rushes and bulrushes that grow in the early season drawdown zone and species that grow into the late season drawdown zone have been selected to aid in the development of a diverse and densely covered wetland. The seeds in this mix will not generally germinate under water, and is best sown in drawdown areas. The mix is produced using hand collected seed from western New York and northwestern Pennsylvania; only a limited amount of the seed mix is available. We recommend a seeding rate of 1 pound per acre as a supplement to plantings of bare root herbaceous plantings or near shore shrub and tree plantings.

Percent by No. of seeds (not weight)		Scientific Name	Common Name
37.3%	N	Juncus effusus	Soft Rush
34.4%	N	Scirpus atrovirens	Green Bulrush
26.9%	N	Scirpus cyperinus	Wool Grass
1.3%	N	Scirpus tabernaemontanii	Soft Stem Bulrush
0.1%	N	Scirpus pungens	Common Three Square

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This mix is intended to add a shrub area and the plants that will grow in the shade of the shrubs. Species have been selected that will have good wildlife benefit. The mix is produced using hand collected seed from western New York and northwestern Pennsylvania; only a limited amount of the seed mix is available. We recommend a seeding rate of 2 pounds per acre and that no grasses be planted with it. Some of these seeds need cold stratification, and two need warm stratification followed by cold.

Percent by No. of seeds (not weight)		Scientific Name	Common Name
Shrub Portion
6%	N	Cephalanthus occidentalis	Buttonbush
2.5%	N	Viburnum dentatum	Arrow Wood
2.5%	N	Sambucus canadensis	Elderberry
0.8%	N	Cornus amomum	Silky Dogwood
Herbaceous Portion
40%	N	Verbena Hastata	Blue Vervain
17%	N	Eupatroium maculatum	Joe Pye Weed
17%	N	Scirpus polyphyllus	Many-leaved Bulrush
8%	N	Carex crinita	Fringed sedge
2.5%	N	Bidens cernua	Nodding Bur-marigold
1.8%	N	Ascelpias incarnata	Swamp Milkweed
0.7%	N	Iris versicolor	Blue Iris
0.7%	N	Aster umbellatus	Flat-top White Aster
0.5%	N	Carex intumescens	Bladder Sedge

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This erosion control mix includes fast growing grasses and native and naturalized pasture wildflowers. Some of the wildflowers will not blossom till the second or third year and are not designed to provide a showy wildflower mix but to give diversity for wildlife and aesthetics. This mixture is best suited to slopes less than 10% and may not be satisfactory on steeper slopes. We recommend a seeding rate of 47 pounds per acre which is 42 pounds of grass seed, 4 pounds of legume, and 1 pound of perennial wildflowers.

Percent by No. of seeds (not weight)		Scientific Name	Common Name
Grass Portion (42 Pounds)
60.8%		Agrostis alba	Redtop
27.5%		Festuca rubra	Red Fescue
11.7%		Lolium multiflorum	Annual Ryegrass
Legume Portion (4 Pounds)
100%		Lotus corniculatus	Birds-Foot Trefoil
Wildflower Portion (1 Pound)
41.9%	N	Achillea millefolium	Common Yarrow
24.1%		Rudbeckia hirta	Black-Eyed Susan
9.8%		Chrysanthemum leucanthem	Ox-Eye Daisy
8.6%	N	Aster novae-angliae	New England Aster
6.5%		Hesperis matronalis	Dame's Rocket
5.8%		Daucus carota	Queen Anne's Lace
3.3%	N	Polygonum pensylvanicum	Pennsylvania Smartweed

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The primary difference between this and ordinary wildflower mixes now commonly used is that this contains only species native and/or fully naturalized in the northeast whereas the common mixes contain a number of species alien to the region. This mix will not flower profusely during the first growing season because it lacks the usual exotic annual weeds, but in later years it will produce a wildflower/grass meadow that appears common to the region. We recommend a seeding rate of 23 pounds per acre with 8 pounds of wildflowers and 15 pounds of grass seed.

Percent by No. of seeds (not weight)		Scientific Name	Common Name
Grass Portion (15 Pounds)
28.1%		Festuca ovina	Sheep Fescue
26.0%	N	Panicum virgatum	Switchgrass
15.3%		Setaria italica	Foxtail Millet
12.8%		Anthoxanthum odoratum	Sweet Vernal Grass
11.1%		Lolium multiflorum	Annual Ryegrass
6.7%	N	Elymus canadensis	Wild Rye
Wildflower Portion (8 Pounds)
47.5%	N	Achillea millefolium	Common Yarrow
9.1%		Rudbeckia hirta	Black Eyed Susan
7.5%		Chrysanthemum leucanthem.	Ox-Eye Daisy
7.4%	N	Verbena hastata	Blue Vervain
7.3%		Cichorium intybus	Cichory
6.8%		Lotus corniculatus	Birdsfoot Trefoil
5.0%		Hesperis matronalis	Dame's Rocket
2.2%		Daucus carota	Queen Anne's Lace
2.0%	N	Solidago canadensis	Canada Goldenrod
2.0%	N	Euthamia graminifolia	Grass Leaf Goldenrod
1.5%	N	Monarda fistulosa	Wild Bergamot
1.3%	N	Aster novae-angliae	New England Aster
0.4%	N	Asclepias syriaca	Common Milkweed

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This mix provides a permanent mixed cover of grasses, forbs, and legumes with an initial cover of annuals. The seed mix is designed to provide cover, seed, and forage for a variety of herbivores. We recommend a seeding rate of 20 pounds per acre.

Percent by No. of seeds (not weight)		Scientific Name	Common Name
Perennials
42.5%		Phleum pratense	Timothy
24.9%		Trifolium hybridum	Alsike Clover
15.6%		Dactylis glomerata	Orchard Grass
3.9%		Lespedeza bicolor	Bicolor Lespedeza
3.5%	N	Panicum virgatum	Switchgrass
0.9%	N	Andropogon virginicus	Broom-Sedge
Annuals
5.3%		Setaria italica	Fox-Tail Bristle Grass
1.9%	N	Helianthus annuus	Common Sunflower
0.8%	N	Polygonum pensylvanicum	Pennsylvania Smartweed
0.7%		Avena sativa	Oats

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This mix is appropriate in areas where warm season grasses are adapted by virtue of habitat and range of the component species. We do not recommend seeding this mix in areas where the component species are not native. The mix can be modified to be consistent with local floristic requirements. We recommend a seeding rate of 20 pounds per acre.

Percent by No. of seeds (not weight)		Scientific Name	Common Name
49.9%	N	Panicum clandestinum	Deertongue
46.5%	N	Panicum virgatum	Switchgrass
3.6%	N	Andropogon virginicus	Broom Sedge